Police Brutality - 1263 Words

Police Brutality Did you know that Police brutality is the intentional use of excessive force, usually physical, but potentially also in the form of verbal attacks and psychological intimidation, by a police officer? Despite major improvements in police practices (since 1981) reports of alleged police misconduct and abuse continue to spread through the nation. Police Brutality still goes on around the world today with improvements of enforcing police brutality in police departments. There have been several shocking incidents in the United States and the rest of the world which left the public in shook. The public has many different views of the police, but the police are out to serve the public in a professional way twenty four†¦show more content†¦What we do know, from experts and police officers alike, is that the media portrayal of police brutality is often significantly different from reality (The Extent of Police Brutality Is Exaggerated).† When you are worki ng in the police world, things happen very quickly. The police academies around the nation teach their officers how to properly handle things when officers need to your force. There have been many times officers disobey the department’s rules and handle things incorrectly. When things don’t go properly that’s when you have a big chance of police brutality occurring. â€Å"In Houston in July 1998, Pedro Oregon was shot during a drug raid on his home. He was an unarmed Mexican national. The police officers were fired following protests from the Hispanic community (Police Brutality Is A Serious Problem).† Shootings occur frequently because the police suspect they have a weapon and feel they are in harm. As a police officer you want to protect your life along with the others you’re working with. â€Å"Many of the people allegedly kicked or beaten by police were not criminal suspects but people who had simply questioned police authority or had minor disagreements with officers, Amnesty International said in a 1996 report Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department. Nearly all the victims in the cases of deaths inShow MoreRelatedA Report On Police Brutality1367 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Name Instructor Date Course Police Brutality There is various forms of human rights violation currently in the United States, however; Police abuse remains the most serious of them all. Police brutality is, therefore, the use of excessive force or even unnecessary force by the police while they are dealing with civilians. People are left wondering if the police are doing the jobs they were appointed to do under the law. They act in ways such as the use of guns and pepper sprays to intimidateRead MorePolice Brutality1569 Words   |  7 PagesPersuasive/Policy/Problem/Cause/Solution Central Idea/Thesis: Police brutality should be regulated with greater strength and objectivity. INTRODUCTION I. Police brutality is constantly made known to us all through mass media, but I hadn’t ever taken the time to truly grasp the severity of it until it hit close to home. A. Three weeks ago, a close family friend was brutally beaten in front of his children at a family gathering by the police. B. My purpose is to persuade my audience that police brutality should be regulated with greaterRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police Essay940 Words   |  4 Pages Police brutality refers to the use of excessive force against a civilian. The controversies that surround the topic of police brutality relate to different definitions and expectations over what is meant by excessive force. Indeed, police officers are expressly authorized to use necessary, reasonable force to perform their duties. As Jerome Skolnick, an influential police scholar in the United States, underscores: â€Å"as long as members of society do not comply with the law and resist the police, forceRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police851 Words   |  4 Pagesthe police, your opinion may vary. Let me ask you a question about our police force. But keep this in mind, in October 2015 alone, there was 81 deaths by the police. With that being said, who’s to protect us from whose protecting the block? I don t care who you are, you have to be able to realize nowadays that the police brutality is getting out of hand, that the power surge is growing and growing. Look around, there s an increase of civilians death via cops, an increase of reports of police wrongdoingRead MorePolice Brutality2853 Words   |  12 PagesPolice Protality: Introduction Police brutality has been and continues to be of major concern in society. First of all, police brutality is a term used to describe the excessive use of physical force, assault, verbal attacks or slurs, and threats by any law enforcement officer. Efforts to police communities, throughout history, have been tainted by brutality ans abuse of power to some degree. The term police brutality is commonly used very loosely to any and all forms of policeRead MorePolice Brutality1865 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Police Brutality is Prevalent Background Information Over the recent years, police have been one of the organizations to be associated with the largest cases of misconduct. Police brutality can be termed as the process of misuse and abuse of authority by the police. The rising cases of police brutality are causing more harm to the public, compared to the actions perpetrated by real criminals. Although police claim that it’s sometimes necessary to curb crime, the process is illegal and police officersRead MorePolice Brutality Over The Years1458 Words   |  6 PagesIt feels as if nothing has changed about police brutality over the years. The usual cycle is that juries acquit the police, cops get their jobs back, and brutality happens again. One of the most broadcasted cases of police brutality, was the beating of Rodney King. On the night of March 2, 1991, a bystander named George Holiday, videotaped the moment when five officers used excess force on an African American man named Rodney King, beating him with batons as he strugg led on the ground. Also, it wasRead MorePolice Misconduct and Police Brutality985 Words   |  4 Pages We hear about police misconduct case and wonder, Why don’t they do anything to stop this? Many say that we should keep the police officers’ perspective in mind. Others say that these actions are due to racism or post 9/11 paranoia. Whatever the excuse may be for these cases, there should be no need for violence anywhere. Police brutality videos go viral and reveal to the world that it actually happens and that it may happen to you too. This pervades people with fear and anger because theirRead MorePolice Brutality And Police Violence Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality and police militarization have become a hot topic in the United States of America. There are many cases where police officers motives are being questioned, leading the public into an uproar. Just to name a few of these cases, we have Micheal Brown from Fegurson, Missouri, that started it all, which took place on Augest 19th, 2014. We also have Eric Garner from New York, taking place Jul y of 2014. July of 2016, Alton Sterling of Baton Rouge and Walter Scott from South Carolina inRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police1585 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality and office involved shootings have sparked national debate and created a strain between police officers and citizens. Recently, there have been more home videos that display acts of aggression by police officers. These police officers often use excessive forces or a condescending tone towards people of color which is why there needs to be a better way to mend police and civilian relationship. People should be able to trust the police in their communities rather than fear them. Police

The Effect Of A Light Ray Reflecting - 962 Words

This lab is made up of four different parts. In the first part we will examine the effects of a light ray reflecting at different angles of incident from a convex, flat, and convex mirror. In the second part a light ray will be refracted through a rhombus prism at different angles of incidence. We will measure the angles using a protractor. For the third experiment we will examine the indices of colors as light is refracted through the rhombus. Lastly, we will use polar lens to examine Brewster’s angle and polarization. THEORY PART A: REFLECTION When a light ray hits a point on a plane mirror surface (called the incidence ray), it bounces off that same point and thus changes the course in which it is traveling. An angle of incidence can be obtained by measuring the angle between the ray of incidence and a line normal to the surface of the mirror. The angle of the reflected ray can also be obtained in the same way by measuring the angle between the reflected ray and the line normal to the surface. Measuring the two angles we can see that they are the same angle thus confirming the law of reflection: ÃŽËœr=ÃŽËœi. Eq.1 PART B: REFRACTION Refraction is caused when a ray of light travels through different mediums. When the light crosses through the material it causes the light to bend or refract because the wave does not enter the medium atShow MoreRelatedComparison Between Optical Telescope Systems And Modern Day Times1566 Words   |  7 Pagesreport will be reflecting, refracting and cassegrain which is a combination of both and how different types of error such as aberration effect the telescopes ability to capture an image and the quality of the image it produces. Reflecting telescopes use mirrors to reflect incoming light rays onto a secondary mirror which magnifies it through an eye piece to form an image. (BBC, 2015) When light rays come in contact with the mirror they are called the incident ray and then when the ray reflects backRead MorePhysics Of Light And Light1182 Words   |  5 Pagesscience of light, astronomers use factors such as wavelengths to interpret stars’ temperature, heat, distance, size, mass, density, etc. To obtain all of this information certain light gathering instruments must be used. These instruments include telescopes. To record this information spectrographs are also mainly used to record the spectrum and dispersion of light. In light there are different waves and particles. Light is made up of electric and magnetic fields. Due to this fact, light is an exampleRead MoreDescription Of The Light ( Thermal Energy )1383 Words   |  6 Pagesmethod whereby the light (thermal energy) is directed back upon the can of water from several different directions, increasing the efficiency. Considering that the reflecting of light cannot add nor remove power, the aluminium does not act to amplify. However, reproducing the rays using a mirror system replicates the power. Each individual ray mirrors the power of the original Sun’s rays, but because there are multiple, a much stronger power source is gained. In addition to this, the rays are targetedRead MoreThe Ozone Layer And Increasing Levels Of Ultraviolet Radiation938 Words   |  4 Pageswithin contemporary society. Unfortunately, UV rays increase the risk of obtaining skin cancer since they permanently alter the DNA structure within our cells, creating a vast array of mutated cells. Research has shown that melanoma is considered the most serious type of skin cancer due to the development of dark spots on the skin, which develop in basal cells at the base of the epidermis caused by the exposure of ultraviolet rays. This problem with UV rays and its high level of skin cancer could beRead MoreThe Burning Of Petroleum Based Fuels1154 Words   |  5 PagesCan you see the light? As the burning of petroleum-based fuels, natural gases, and coal continues, smog will continue to cover the sky. Pollution from said burning occurs as greenhouse gases and chemicals. Specifically, petroleum-based fuels, natural gases, and coal release energy when heat breaks the bonds between hydrogens and carbons, generating energy and releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. This energy often originates from stored energy preserved in organisms that eventually diedRead MoreHistory of the Telescope2127 Words   |  9 Pageswhich collects light, howeve r there are other kinds of telescopes which collect UV and X -Rays. Optical telescopes use lenses to redirect light to a specified point. Different lenses are used for different magnifications of celestial objects. This essay will be mainly discussing optical telescopes. As we go through the history of optical telescope we can see that there are a few concepts that are fundamental to all the different types of optical telescopes, from the reflecting to the refractingRead MoreAnimal Physiology And Anatomy : The Skin Structure Of Panther Chameleons1216 Words   |  5 Pagesdisproving the so thought idea of chameleons being able to change color the same way mollusks do. Instead, with the use of in-vivo spectroscopy, they were able to conclude that chameleons possess minuscule light reflecting guanine structures called iridophores, similar to the light reflecting particles found in fish scales. In fact, by performing a histological transmission electron spectroscopy test, it was clear that two distinct layers of these iridophores were present within the chameleons’ skin:Read MoreThe Theory Of Light And Its Effects On The Human Eyes963 Words   |  4 PagesLight, a concept that has been worked with for many years dating back to 500 B.C. Pyt hagoras hypothesized that humans perceive light due to the human eyes ability to emit rays upon the environment and the emittance gives a human his or her sight (Sekuler). Afterward, human intellectuals started making it more concise to present day knowledge of light. This development of light came from two intellectuals named Christian Huygens and Isaac Newton. Newton exclaimed during the 1700s that light was aRead MoreThe Evolution of Photography Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesafter he took the same picture three times, using a different color ribbon. He then combined all three photos together and got one, colored photograph; however, these cameras were bulky and a pain to transport. In 1888, George Eastman made the first light and portable camera under the company name Kodak (Graham 28). These cameras gave people the ability to take a photo almost anywhere. The cameras had to be sent back to the factory so the photographs could be printed. Twenty years after Kodak’s first Read MoreThe Effects Of Light Pollution On Humans And The World1307 Words   |  6 Pagesmisdirected, or obtrusive light that is just as large of an issue. This variety of pollution is called light pollution or photo pollution. The effects of light pollution on humans and the world’s various ecosystems are various and need to be realized. Since their initial creation, light bulbs have continuously grown in number and type. Streets are now lined with bright yellow fluorescent, runways are now mapped out with multi-colored bulbs, etc. The utilization of light bulbs has expanded to

Kelvin Estevez Essay Example For Students

Kelvin Estevez Essay ReferencesAttorney General October 17, 1995, Memorandum on Resolution 14 (Attachment) | AG | Department of Justice. (2016). Justice.gov. Retrieved 17 November 2016, from https://www.justice.gov/ag/attorney-general-october-17-1995-memorandum-resolution-14-attachmentI can use this source as a reference to get my point across according to the department of justice deadly force is whena police officer can apply deadly physical force when the situation calls for it. A lot comes to play during an altercation, the perpetrator might have a loaded weapon and doesnt care the police officer is ordering them to put the weapon. The memorandum allows the civilians mind to be put at ease as police agencies have to follow the Attorney General Memorandum established in 2014. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2001) (1st Ed.). Retrieved from https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ph98.pdfThis report brings together in a single publication national statistics on two distinct types of homicide: the justifiable homicide of felons by police, and the murder of police officers by felons. Although the two are fundamentally different the use of deadly force against a police officer is almost never justified, while the use of deadly force by police often is certain connections can be made between them beyond the fact that both always involve the police. K9 Unit Policy ; Procedure Manual. (2016). Strategic Management. Retrieved 17 November 2016, from https://bookstrategic.wordpress.com/2012/08/09/732/Utilization of properly trained police service, dogs represent a highly cost effective and reliable asset to law enforcement personnel, by utilizing the canines acute olfactory and hearing senses as well as guarding and maternal instincts. The police service dog is a force multiplier; it also provides a psychological deterrent by their mere presence at the scene of a potentially volatile confrontation, conflict or disturbance. Less Lethal Force. (2004) (1st Ed.). Retrieved from https://aclum.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/reports-less-lethal-force.pdfThe amount of force used by a police officer should be proportionate with the threat posed to the police officer or to the public. Officers should begin at the lowest levels of force necessary to effect an arrest or to control and contain a threat, and escalation of force to the next level should occur only when the officer has determined that such an escalation is reasonably necessary. Fyfe, J. J. 1979. Administrative Intervention on Police Shooting Discretion: An Empirical Examination. Journal of Criminal Justice 7 (4):309-323. A considerable amount of research has documented that administrative rule making has significant effects on the frequency and nature of police deadly force and firearms use. This research typically has analyzed the effects of internal policies governing the circumstances in which police officers can shoot. These policies generally have eliminated or restricted discretion to shoot in circumstances deemed not to present imminent danger to the lives of officers or others. Memorandum of Agreement, United States Department of Justice and the District of Columbia and the D.C. Metropolitan Police Department | CRT | Department of Justice. (2016). Justice.gov. Retrieved 17 November 2016, fromhttps://www.justice.gov/crt/memorandum-agreement-united-states-department-justice-and-district-columbia-and-dc-metropolitanThis resource I can use it for reference. The term deadly force means any use of force likely to cause death or serious physical injury, including but not limited to the use of a firearm or a strike to the head with a hard objectNational Institute of Justice. (2010) (1st Ed.). Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/233280.pdfThe research on injuries from less-lethal weapons, for example, is something community leaders and members of police-citizen review boards will find useful. The data show that using conducted energy devices, known commonly by the manufacturer name Taser, can reduce injury rates for suspects and officers when compared to other less-lethal options, such as fists or batons. Though proper training is always essential before officers use CEDs, this research demonstrates that both officers and civilians may benefit from their use. .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d , .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d .postImageUrl , .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d , .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d:hover , .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d:visited , .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d:active { border:0!important; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d:active , .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8baccee025d35765322b05e12422063d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Confucianism And Christianity EssayNew NYPD Use of Force Guidelines Announced | NYPD News. (2016). Nypdnews.com. Retrieved 17 November 2016, from http://nypdnews.com/2015/10/new-nypd-use-of-force-guidelines-announced/ New YorkMayor Bill de Blasio and Police Commissioner William J. Bratton announced today sweeping reforms to the NYPD use-of-force policy, including changes in how use of force is defined, how it is reported, and how it is investigated. The NYPD has been a leader in firearms policy for more than 40 years, but our policies and training in other uses of force have lagged, said Commissioner William J. Bratton. NYPD Department Policy Prohibiting Racial Profiling a nd Bias Based Policing. (2016) (1st Ed.). Retrieved from https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/ccrb/downloads/pdf/investigations_pdf/pg203-25-dept-policy-prohibiting-racial-profiling.pdf Members of the service are reminded that the New York City Police Department is committed both to the impartial enforcement of law and to the protection of constitutional rights. To reinforce these commitments and to ensure that all members of the service engage only in constitutionally sound policing practices, the Department prohibits the use of racial and bias-based profiling in law enforcement actions. NYPD Vehicle Checkpoints. (2016) (1st Ed.). Retrieved (Patrol Guild) (Procedure No: 221-16) https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/ccrb/downloads/pdf/investigations_pdf/pg221-16-vehicle-checkpoints.pdf To establish the criteria by which members of the service can conduct a safe, legal, and effective vehicle checkpoint program. A vehicle checkpoint is a site on a roadway designated by the commanding officer of a patrol borough, Traffic Operations District, precinct, police service area, transit district, highway district/unit, or task force, which is overseen by uniformed personnel. NYPD Vehicle Pursuits. (2016) (1st Ed.). Retrieved from (Tactical Operations) (Procedure No: 221-15)https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/ccrb/downloads/pdf/investigations_pdf/pg221-15-vehicle-pursuits.pdf Using the patrol guild, I can determine the necessity of commencing a vehicle pursuit and the method to be employed in conducting such a pursuit. Upon observing a vehicle which is to be stopped or there is a likelihood that vehicle pursuit may be imminent. Peters, M. Eure, P. (2015). Police Use of Force in New York City (1st Ed.). Retrieved from http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/oignypd/downloads/pdf/oig_nypd_use_of_force_report_-_oct_1_2015.pdfUse of force is a defining issue in modern policing. Police officers, by the very nature of their duties, are entrusted, empowered, and at times obligated by local governments to use force against citizens when appropriate. In Exchange for this grant of power, communities and their police departments require that the use of force be governed by a set of standards. These Standards stem from the premise that the force used must be reasonable, an idea rooted in the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Use of oleoresin capsicum pepper spray devices (2016) (1st Ed.) Retrievedhttps://www1.nyc.gov/assets/ccrb/downloads/pdf/investigations_pdf/pg221-07-use-of-pepper-spray-devices.pdfTo inform uniformed members of the service of circumstances under which Oleoresin Capsicum (O.C.) pepper spray may be intentionally discharged and to record instances where O.C. pepper spray has been discharged, intentionally or accidentally. Patrol guide force guidelines (2016) (1st Ed.) Retrieved https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/ccrb/downloads/pdf/investigations_pdf/pg221-01-force-guidelines.pdfThe primary duty of all members of the service (MOS) is to protect human life, including the lives of individuals being placed in police custody. Force may be used when it is reasonable to ensure the safety of a member of the service or a third person, or otherwise protect life, or when it is reasonable to place a person in custody or to prevent escape from custody. Investigative encounters: Requests for information, common law right of inquiry and level 3 stops (2016) (1st Ed.) Retrieved https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/ccrb/downloads/pdf/investigations_pdf/pg212-11-stop-frisk.pdfTo describe the types of encounters a uniformed member of the service may initiate with a member of the public during the course of his or her official duties, the level of know ledge required for each type of encounter, the scope of a police officers authority for each type of encounter, the measures that are permissible to protect uniformed members of the service from injury while engaged in such encounters, and the procedures to be followed by a member of the service during these encounters. .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff , .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff .postImageUrl , .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff , .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff:hover , .ua62de30ea5c52a313 52c823dea510eff:visited , .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff:active { border:0!important; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff:active , .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; m argin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua62de30ea5c52a31352c823dea510eff:after { content: ""; displ ay: block; clear: both; } READ: Sense and Sensibility- Movie review Essay

Physical Development in Middle Childhood free essay sample

One important factor of physical activity during these years is to improve their gross and fine motor skills which assists with the many other benefits that being physically active will give a child. Their gross and fine motor skills are becoming more advanced and need to be capitalised upon. Children are learning to ride bikes, play in organised and team orientated sports – all with more co-ordination and understanding than before. While engaging in these activity’s they are improving their gross motor skills and this gives them a great sense of gratification. Also during this time their fine motor skills will be improving such as their handwriting, drawing, painting, crafts and building. In the middle childhood years children are becoming more aware of their surroundings, community and culture. They can start to see themselves as an individual that can read, write, learn and adhere to rules and understand why we need them. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Development in Middle Childhood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Physical development can affect other areas of development in very positive ways. It helps them to be able to relate interact with others. This era sees those making relationships with their peers. They make friendships with others and along with friendship come the enviable fights. This is also important as they learn to sort out these disagreements and learn from them. This comes from their developing ability to think for themselves – having different points of view, being able to see others points of view and having a longer attention span. The skills they are learning and improving at this very important time of their lives will assist them as children and builds the foundations of having great confidence within themselves and having healthy and active bodies. It is believed that inability to perfect their gross fine motor skills by being physically inactive will lead to many consequences not only physically but also in other areas of their development. Inactivity will inhibit the Childs co-ordination, spatial awareness, social skills; their larger muscles would be underdeveloped. Inactivity promotes obesity and other serious health issues. At this age children have boundless energy and find it hard to sit down for long periods of time as their bodies and brains crave the need to more around and are active. Along with the need to move comes the need for attention and socialising. During this time their bodies are growing taller and gaining weight. Physical activity is crucial at this time because they are showing themselves what their bodies are able to do and what they are able to do better than when the learned the skill. For example when children are in their early childhood they learn how to run and jump, in middle childhood they are taking those skills and developing proper athletic abilities and talents. They can run faster on the track, swim faster in the pool and throw balls with more precision and show themselves and others the talents they are developing. If during this time they are not able to do that they will see their peers excelling at these activities and that they themselves are falling behind. This severely affects their confidence. They are very aware of their peers and compare themselves to others constantly which is why they are adapting to organised sports – their competitiveness is kicking in. It’s in the children’s nature to want to be active in sports and it gives them the stimulation and organisation that they need. It’s also in some children’s nature to be shy and reserved. It’s important for all students to be improving their skills but most important for the more reserved children. Inactivity will only perpetuate their shyness because they are missing out on group activities in a fun environment. Being a part of a team helps confidence and communication with their peers. Children need to embrace being active from early on – especially now as their bodies crave being active they will associate ‘activity’ with ‘fun’. Inability to develop their gross motor skills can lead to the children feeling sluggish, weight will be gained lowering their confidence and increasing the risk of obesity and their relationship with physical activity will be mentally unhealthy. Inability to develop their fine motor skills is also just as important. This is the time where children need to perfect their handwriting, craft making and reading these are very important skills that they will need for the rest of their lives. If children find they don’t excel at these skills they will find they get frustrated, it lowers they confidence and willingness to try and parts of heir brain are underdeveloped. For example in this era children are starting to dress themselves and inability to do this will leave them frustrated and disappointed that they are behind. As parents and teachers we need to do our best to always keep the children active as it most certainly affects the other areas of their development. Implementing ph ysical activity in lessons is very important. There are 3 activities that I will now explain that I think are great ways to implement to help with keeping the children active and improving their motor skills. Firstly I would have each child in the classroom have a job they need to do every day in the classroom. Whether it is to give out work books, hand out pens, feed the plants or collect lunch orders. This gives each child the understanding of the importance of rules, responsibilities and the feeling of being included and the knowledge of being able to share and work as a team. This activity is more related to their fine motor skills and cognitive development. Secondly I would introduce the ‘Gold Star’ System. I would have the students chose a book and reading aloud to the class. During this time if the children are stuck on a word they don’t know other students can assist with helping them. If the student reads the book without any help they receive 5 gold stars. I would also have the children practice their handwriting and everything they submit a neatly written piece of writing they would also receive 5 gold stars. If the children need assistance many times or have sloppy writing they have stars deducted. This also helps with fine motor skills and they also can show how well they can read write and help others with their reading writing. Thirdly I would introduce team sports based around maths and spelling. I think it would be a great learning environment to take the students outside to a basketball court or an oval and have them grouped into teams. I would give them maths and spelling questions and the teams with the most correct answers would add more gold stars to their boards. I think this would be a really fun way to learn, challenge themselves and burn off energy. Working in teams is fantastic motivation to not let yourself or any of your team mates down. In conclusion, Physical activity is vital in the middle childhood years for many reasons. Inactivity leads to many consequences in the Childs Health, Motor Skills and all other areas of child development. There are many things as Teachers we can do to in a learning environment to accommodate the physical needs of our students as to make sure they are developing as best they can be. ? Reference List McDevitt, T. , and Ormrod, J. (2010). Child development and education (4th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education

Mary Cassatt Quotes

Mary Cassatt Quotes The first American Impressionist artist, Mary Cassatt was born in Pittsburgh.   Her family lived for a few years in Europe. Cassatt studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, then, as the Civil War ended, moved to France, where she remained for the rest of her life except for occasional trips to visit the United States.   She remained a U.S. citizen, though, and took a special interest in the woman suffrage movement in her home country. Mary Cassatt was influenced especially by Degas. She was the only American invited to the Impressionist circle who accepted the invitation.   She became especially known for her mother-and-child paintings.  Under Mary Cassatts influence, many Americans collected Impressionist art. In 1892, she was invited to contribute a large mural on the theme of modern woman to the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago, to be held in 1893.   Another artist contributed the paired mural on primitive woman. Her popularity continued, even as she turned from newer Parisian painting movements.   Cataracts interfered with her ability to do her painting, despite multiple operations, and she was nearly blind the last decade of her life.   She continued her involvement, despite her vision problems, with the woman suffrage cause and, during World War I, with humanitarian causes to help those affected by the war including wounded soldiers. Selected Mary Cassatt Quotations Theres only one thing in life for a woman; its to be a mother.... A woman artist must be ... capable of making primary sacrifices. I think that if you shake the tree, you ought to be around when the fruit falls to pick it up. Why do people so love to wander? I think the civilized parts of the World will suffice for me in the future. I am independent! I can live alone and I love to work. I hated conventional art. I began to live. I have touched with a sense of art some people – they felt the love and the life. Can you offer me anything to compare to that joy for an artist? Americans have a way of thinking work is nothing. Come out and play they say. American women have been spoiled, treated and indulged like children; they must wake up to their duties. There are two ways for a painter: the broad and easy one or the narrow and hard one. If painting is no longer needed, it seems a pity that some of us are born into the world with such a passion for line and color. Cezanne is one of the most liberal artists I have ever seen. He prefaces every remark with Pour moi it is so and so, but he grants that everyone may be as honest and as true to nature from their convictions; he doesnt believe that everyone should see alike. I have not done what I wanted to, but I tried to make a good fight. Degas to Mary Cassatt: Most women paint as though they are trimming hats. Not you. Edourd Degas about Mary Cassatt: I dont admit that a woman draws that well! [Quoted in The American Womans Almanac, Louise Bernikow] Mary Cassatts visit home, long after she had become famous in Europe, was reported in the Philadelphia newspaper as the arrival of Mary Cassatt, sister of Mr. Cassatt, President of the Pennsylvania Railroad, who has been studying painting in France and owns the smallest Pekingese dog in the world. Related Resources for Mary Cassatt Mary Cassatt IndexWomen and Painting More Womens Quotes: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Explore Womens Voices and Womens History Womens Voices - About Womens QuotesBiographiesToday in Womens History

Tips on job hunting with a disability

Tips on job hunting with a disability Having a disability can be a challenge, but it shouldn’t prevent you from achieving your career goals. In additional to laws designed to protect individuals with disabilities from discrimination in the workplace, there are a variety of strategies that you can employ to your advantage when job hunting or while on the job- and knowing your rights is a powerful tool. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)  is a key set of federal laws; its purpose is to prevent discrimination against people who have a disability and to guarantee equal employment opportunities for individuals with a disability. This includes issues involving hiring, firing, promotions, pay, and benefits. In addition, if you require certain accommodations in order to effectively perform the responsibilities of your job, your employer may be legally required to provide these accommodations without any undue burden to you. These protections span all industries across the public and private sector, including priv ate business, employment agencies, educational institutions, local and state government entities, and labor organizations.If you’d like to learn more about your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we recommend that you visit the official website at ADA.gov. If you feel as if you’ve been unfairly discriminated against, there’s also a wealth of information available here for how to protect your rights and file a charge, if needed.Job hunting can be challenging in even the best of circumstances- in addition to the constant stress and anxiety of countless interviews and emails, there’s the endless waiting for responses and cycle of excitement and disappointment that inevitably follows. If you have a disability, it could add extra hurdles to an already challenging situation. Use the following tips to help you successfully navigate your job hunt and ensure that nothing stands in the way between you and your next great job opportunity.Only share wh at makes you comfortable.There’s no reason for you to feel pressure to fully disclose your disability unless you feel like doing so, or if there’s an issue that needs to be addressed (like if you need to climb stairs to get to your interview but can’t, for example). Remember, your rights are protected under the ADA, and just like anyone else you’re under no obligation to disclose your complete medical history during an interview; furthermore, it shouldn’t be used as a factor to make a hiring decision.That said, some people freely choose to bring up their situation on interviews and assert the notion that their disability will in no way prevent them from performing the tasks associated with the job. How you handle this is totally your call.Focus on what you can do.Whenever you’re trying to convince a hiring manager or HR professional that you’d be a valuable addition to their team, you want to make sure that you make it clear what you offer as a prospective employee- including your skill set, experience, and prior accomplishments. Although you might have a disability, the focus of any job interview you go on should be what you can do, even if it requires you to overcome an obstacle or utilize some additional accommodation.Your goal here is the same as any prospective job applicant- to convince the interviewer that you can figure out an effective way to handle every responsibility of the job. Remember, those with a confident, â€Å"can do† attitude in the face of any and all challenges are much more likely to get hired than those who go out of their way to demonstrate that they’re not up to the tasks required of the position.Demonstrate your value.You may feel additional pressure to show that you’re more than up to handling the tasks associated with the job you’re going after, despite your disability. If this is the case, you can alleviate your anxiety by making sure that every aspect o f your job hunting game is razor sharp. Start with a cover letter and resume that really sell yourself and get readers intrigued to learn more about you. Then follow up with a stellar interview approach- from what you wear, to your body language (project confidence!) and how capably you field the questions posed to you. The key is to sell yourself as the best possible candidate for the position, regardless of any disability you may possess. Bottom line: try your best to make yourself the obvious choice for the position because of all the great things you bring to the table, disability or not.Know your rights.Although we’ve briefly covered your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act, there are a host of available websites to help you fully understand your rights, both as an employee and as a prospective one while you’re on the job hunt. The following are a few helpful resources:United States Department of LaborJob Accommodation NetworkADA NetworkS. Equal Emplo yment Opportunity CommissionEnable AmericaEvery person has the right to be a productive member of the work world and achieve career fulfillment and success. If you’re an individual with a disability or know someone with a disability, consider using the tips presented here to get informed and empowered regarding workplace rights.

Summaries Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summaries - Term Paper Example Owing to crisis and fall in the real estate market Robert Verrone resigned from Wachovia, leaving the organization in dire strait. Robert Verrone’s methods were a key architect in inflating the real estate to a never seen height. He also participated in lending to hedge funds in real estate transactions. His risk taking activities helped Wachovia to reduce their debt amount. He also lent a large sum of money to a few developers under the interest-only deals. His dealings made him to be recognized as â€Å"Large Loan† Verrone and also a starry figure in the ‘New York real estate world’. He had been a hard working banker like any other over the years providing valued service to his clients. The limelight and the glitz of the circumstances made individual’s like Robert Verrone to undertake such business deals which otherwise they might not have. The present scenario which has seen a rebirth of ‘commercial real estate bond business’ after th e boom and the downfall of the recent years has seen Robert Verrone get revitalized and think of getting his lost ground back in the real estate market with his innovative and at times pragmatic deals. The article â€Å"Google vs. the Little Guy† was authored by Peter Burrows was published on Bloomberg Businessweek, on September 22, 2010. The article deals with a lawsuit related to a scenario in which Skyhook Wireless asks for tens of millions of dollars from the globally renowned company Google. This lawsuit was filed with an â€Å"intentional interference† claim that frightened Motorola away from undertaking a huge contract with Skyhook. The claim from the side of the Chief Executive officer of Skyhook Wireless stated that they settled a contract along with Motorola. Motorola’s upcoming mobile phones would make use of the software prepared by Skyhook Wireless. This deal was prepared exclusively for the Motorola’s smartphones. Google in this scenario was a competitor of Skyhook as the deal of Motorola can be

Information Technology for Managers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Information Technology for Managers - Term Paper Example Caterpillar will be the leader in providing the best value in machines, engines and support services for customers dedicated to building the world's infrastructure and developing and transporting its resources. We provide the best value to customers.  Caterpillar will be the leader in providing the best value in machines, engines and support services for customers dedicated to building the world's infrastructure and developing and transporting its resources. We provide the best value to customers.  Caterpillar will provide its workforce with an environment that stimulates diversity, innovation, teamwork, continuous learning and improvement and rewards individual performance. We develop and reward people.  Caterpillar is dedicated to improving the quality of life while sustaining the quality of our earth. We encourage social responsibility.  For the sake of their enormous image, Caterpillar strives really hard to ensure that our success as a corporation contributes to the qual ity of life of all people touched by our business and to the prosperity of all communities where we work and live.  Caterpillar’s vision of their employees is to get recognized, along with their products and services, as key enterprise strength. Their goal is to empower our engaged employees and their leaders to create a positive culture in which safety, diversity, integrity, and performance are highly valued by all. In 1925, the Holt Manufacturing Company and the C. L. Best Tractor Company merged to form Caterpillar Tractor Company. The Caterpillar product line included motor graders, blade graders, elevating graders, terraces and electrical generating sets. That happened in 1940. In 1950, Caterpillar Tractor Company Limited in Great Britain is established; the first of many overseas operations created to help manage foreign exchange shortages, tariffs, import controls and better serve customers around the world.  In 1931, the company created a separate engine sales grou p to market diesel engines to other equipment manufacturers. This group was replaced in 1953 with a separate sales and marketing division to better serve the needs of a broad range of engine customers.  

Options for implementing a leadership change Essay Example for Free

Options for implementing a leadership change Essay Gene One is a biotech company that has seen steady growth since entering the biotech industry in 1996. It was founded by the late Don Ruiz and four other directors. During the last eight years, Gene One has grown to become a $400 million dollar company. Gene One wants to continue this growth, and has decided to gain additional growth and funds by issuing an Initial Public Offering (IPO). This is in order to remain competitive in the market, since it needs more capital for new development, advertisement, and marketing if it is to remain successful.   In order for the IPO to be successful, Gene One needs a solid foundation to build upon. Gene One can take an in-depth look at key concepts such as effective teamwork through cooperation, trust, and cohesiveness, sources of conflict in organizations, knowledge management, elements of organizational structure, and assess the influence of organizational structure on power and politics (Scenario, 2006). Gene One is a growing company with many opportunities for further growth in the future. With this change, Gene One needs to revaluate all areas of the company and find solutions to problems within the organization. The company has many opportunities for changes, which will enable them to reach the goals needed. The key project is to find the best solution that will enable Gene One to reach their goals, and become better than its competitors. It will need to review the solutions that they have come up with, and the additional alternative solutions that have not even been reviewed (Holmstrom, 1994). Team analysis After the death of Don Ruiz, there is a big leadership gap left in the management of Gene One. The team is therefore incomplete without him, which is undesirable for effective management. Team building is both challenging and rewarding. Effective teams achieve results far beyond what individuals could accomplish on their own. However, team building is much more than putting a group of people together and hoping for the best. Teambuilding is an art that overcomes differences in style, personality, and other potential areas of conflict, but even when a team functions in total harmony, it may not achieve its goals (Brickley, 1987). As Don’s siblings, we have found ourselves having to take part in leadership at Gene One. Each family member was assigned one member of the remaining four members of the executive. In order to assess the remaining team’s likelihood of success, I gathered information about one team member and did an analysis on it. During my analysis, I found my subject to have the following desirable attributes:   He can take charge, is assertive and can take control of a situation. He is   outgoing, people-oriented and extroverted He is concerned with accuracy, details and exactness He is competitive, has   a great   desire to win and is aggressive He is   easy going and casual, and   takes things as they come He likes identifying and analyzing problems He is concerned with timely results and is quick to take action He is good team player who works well with others he is concerned with standards and high quality work Attributes not well represented Despite all the good attributes, I found my subject with a few negative attributes. They include: he has a negative attitude regarding people and outcomes He is highly emotional and easily loses his temper He gets impatient with the subordinate staff Recommendation With a few changes to the leadership structure of Gene One, I recommend my subject for a further role in management of Gene One. His attributes are impressive and can steer the company to great heights. However, he should help take the company through a transition to usher in a structure that separates ownership from management. Leadership style Gene One needs to develop a leadership style that involves the leader including one or more employees in the decision making process.   However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Using this style is not a sign of weakness; rather it is a sign of strength that your employees will respect. This is normally used when you have part of the information, and your employees have other parts. Note that a leader is not expected to know everything-this is why you employ knowledgeable and skillful employees. Using this style is of mutual benefit it allows them to become part of the team and allows you to make better decisions (Tannenbaum Schmidt, 1958). Leadership structure The leadership structure at Gene One should change such that the titles of CEO and chairman of the board are separate entities. This will help separate management from leadership.   This is the best leadership structure for large corporations or others hoping to enter that league. Most large corporations are not managed by their owners or shareholders. Instead, they are managed by a leader-CEO or President- and a team of officers. The CEO or president is usually a professional trained in a particular field with the necessary experience. The CEO is accountable to the stockholders through their elected representative, the board of directors. Gene One should not have a dual CEO where the CEO functions simultaneously as the chair of the board. A non-dual CEO would be the best option for Gene One. Research has shown that CEO duality threatens Board independence, and can erode the essential oversight responsibilities of the Board (Daily and Dalton, 1994). Negative leadership should be avoided at all costs. Negative leaders act domineering and superior with people. They believe the only way to get things done is through penalties, such as loss of job, days off without pay, reprimand employees in front of others, etc. They believe their authority is increased by frightening everyone into higher lever of productivity. Yet what always happens when this approach is used wrongly is that morale falls; which of course leads to lower productivity.

Sports - For Men ONLY Essay -- Research Essays

Sports - For Men ONLY Many people have the stereotype that males are more aggressive than females. How a person develops this belief is one aspect of the research that I will study. It may be because it is only politically correct to be so. Since this is true, it is also believed that men prefer to enjoy aggressive athletics more than women do. I am a huge fan of almost any type of team sport. You name it, I probably enjoy it. I am not sure why this is true. It could simply be because I’m a guy, or because I was raised watching sports or because I played high school athletics for a year. This is why I decided to choose this interesting topic. I wanted to know if it is true that men enjoy watching physical team sports than women enjoy them. Furthermore, if this is true, I wanted to find out why it is that way. Physical team sports include football, basketball and hockey. Despite this claim, there may be some people who do not find this true. Many females enjoy sports. I am a friend with many women who enjoy football, especially. There are even guys who do not even know that sports may exist. They have more important things to worry about in life. I find this hard to believe, because I was raised following and loving sports. This is why I will prove that men enjoy sports even more than popular belief. Many methods were used in an attempt to prove or disprove my hypothesis. I performed a survey on ten college students, I observed a group of people watching athletic events and I also observed television commercials to determine if advertisers are more biased toward men for athletics. Later, in order to establish further proof to my conclusions, a final interview was used on four college students. For th... ... successfully prove my hypothesis. Surely, more men enjoy watching and participating in physical athletics such as football, basketball and hockey than women do. I was able to prove this through the survey, case study and interviews administered. I also used commercials and advertisements to further assist the research. One can certainly see that through all four methods sports pertain to men a lot more than they do to women. This is believed to be so since there are more professional athletics available to men and also it is only proper for a man to watch sports due to what is ‘politically correct’. Women are ‘supposed to’ tend to the house and believe that there are more important things to life than just sports. I believe that society hopes eventually these stereotypes can be eliminated and sports will not be considered gender specific aimed toward men.

Ic to Nano

SAY IC TO NANO!!!!! A Paper On â€Å"Nano – Internal Combustion Engines† Paper Presented By, N. TONY V. KUMAR III B. TECH. IIIB. TECH. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING G. PULLAREDYENGG COLLEGE G. PULLAREDDYENGG COLLEGE [email  protected] com ph:9573071011 ph:9493205458 [pic] Introduction:What is nano technology? Its worth pointing out that the word nanotechnology has become very popular and is used to describe many types of research where the characteristic dimension are less than about thousand nano meter If we are to continue these trends we will have to develop a new manufacturing technology which will let us inexpensively build nano system with mole quantities that are molecular in both size and precision and are inter connected in complex patterns NANO TECHNOLOGY WILL DO THIS. What is heat engine?Heat engines work on the principle of converting chemical energy into mechanical work and evolve from external combustion engine to internal combustion engi ne. External combustion engine is the heat engine in which fuel combustion takes place external to cylinder. Due to this it is bulky and consumes lot of place. Second revolution of heat engines are ICE in which fuel combustion takes internally and consumes less place and became compact, cost effective. Of late third revolution is NANO Internal Combustion Engine. It is difficult to thread- in a needle.Imagine working with an instrument with one billionth of meter. Construction of â€Å"Nano† – A 0. 1cc Compression Ignition Engine: [pic] The Nano is a 0. 1cc (that's less than 0. 01 cuin) compression ignition engine – most frequently, if somewhat inaccurately, referred to as a â€Å"diesel†. It was designed by Richard Gordon and the plans were included as a supplement with the British Magazine Model Engineer in the early 1990's [pic] An idea of the size of the Nano is given by this picture. From backplate to drive washer is less than 1 inch.There are no exot ic materials required. The crankcase is hacked from a solid cube of aluminum 3/4†³ on a side. The piston and contra piston are cast iron. The crankshaft and liner are any old steel from the scrap box. [pic] Here is an exploded view of the engine. The odd looking thing in the foreground is a special Nano-Spanner required to tighten the back plate. It also fits the fuel nipple. The construction is extremely conventional – only the scale is unusual. [pic] Like all model IC projects, there are a few special jigs and tools required to construct the Nano.All are fully detailed in the plan, which includes step by step instructions with photos. The cutter is made from water hardening drill rod (called â€Å"silver steel† in the UK because of its appearance – it contains no silver). the teeth are formed of Dermal-type cut-off wheel. [pic] The cutter is used to form the exhaust ports in the cylinder. There are three of these, spaced at 120 degrees with sufficient spa ce between them for the angled transfer ports to slightly overlap the timing. The crown of the piston is conical to assist transfer.The contra piston has a matching concave conical depression. [pic] As mentioned previously, the crankcase is formed from a cube of aluminum. The venturi is machined separately and secured with Lok-Tite before the final reaming of the crankshaft journal. Notice the three transfer passages in the photo. These terminate in a transfer belt below the cylinder seat that matches with the cylinder transfer ports. If you look very closely, you'll also see the stuff-up that turned away part of the venturi opening. Always happens on the last operation! n [pic] There's nothing special in the crankshaft components. Another jig (not shown) is made to hold the shaft in the 3-jaw chuck, offset by half the throw for forming the crank pin. Even at these sizes, final lapping to size is no different from larger engines in terms of the amount of metal that must be LEFT for removal. Only the microscopic size makes things difficult. The prop driver knurls were formed with a thread form tool, set on edge and used as a shaper. The prop nut is anodized in the usual way. [pic]Again, apart from their size, there's nothing special about the needle valve components the needle itself was made from steel and â€Å"blued† it by a quick heat in a gas flame followed by water quenching. No big deal, but the amazing thing is the attention it draws with people who examine the engine. This costs just US$10(Rs. 440/-) only. When it was fired, it run briefly, oscillating back and forth about TDC like over compressed diesels with small mass fly wheels are won’t to do. Running! .but spring starters are the only way to start ultra small diesels – hand propping just won't work.Also, the fuel for mini diesels needs a lot of ether – as high as 50% by volume. With high ether fuel and a spring starter, the little Nano will burst into life. Richard Gor don claims it will turn 40,000 rpm – yes, that's no typo, forty thousand revolutions per minute. American engine builder Ron Colona used to demo his at model engineering shows and turning at better than 20,000 rpm. | | | |The Components Used: | | | | | |[pic]Crankcase | | | | | |[pic]Backplate | | | | | |[pic]Cylinder and Head | | | | | |[pic]Venturi and Needle Valve Assembly | | | | | |[pic]Conrods and Crankshafts | | | | | |[pic]Piston and Contra-Piston | | | | | |[pic]Final Assembly and Test Report | | | | Crankcase and Cylinder rough-out: The crankcase starts off as a chunk of aluminum bar of about 1-1/2†³ diameter, sawn to length, plus a little bit. The first step is to finish turn the front section with a 1/4†³ radius where the journal blends into the body. The photo shows the roughing out process. Note that the tool is raked back sharply while â€Å"hoggin' great cuts† are made so that if it digs in, the cut will be forced shallower, not deeper as it w ould be if the tool were set raked forward like a regular knife tool.Next we need to remove all the excess aluminum that does not look like a crankcase. This can easily be done with a band saw, or less easily done with a hacksaw! In either case, marking out is simplified by preparing a full size profile on paper, centered in a circle the same size as the bar stock. Mine was done from the CAD drawings, but pencil and compass could achieve the same result with about the same effort. The paper template has a hole cut roughly in the middle to accommodate the journal and the blended radius where it meets the front face. It is attached to the face with a standard glue stick. If you're careful, this will last long enough to complete the butchery. Saw to within about 1/32†³ (1mm) of the outline.Take care because heat buildup will melt the glue. The next photo shows the four basic stages in crankcase manufacture: [pic]Bar stock blank [pic]Journal turned and sawing template glued in plac e [pic]Crankcase rough sawn to within 1mm of the template outline [pic]The finished crankcase [pic] Backplate: The back plate is simple turning with only some aspects of work holding posing any problems. In this first shot, the back plate profile has been turned on a piece of bar stock with the interior face oriented towards the tailstock. This means we will be screw cutting towards the shoulder formed by the back plate rim, so a thin (0. 20†³) run out groove is first cut at the thread/rim junction to the depth of the thread form. This also assures the back plate will form a tight seal against the rear of the crankcase. The thread cutting tool is a piece of 1/4†³ diameter HSS steel, ground to a 60 degree point with seven degrees of side rake, mounted in a tracting tool holder. This magnificent gadget takes a while to make but is absolutely invaluable to thread cutting. The little ball lever actuates a spring loaded, over center cam – just requiring a flick to retrac t the tool bit by about 3/16†³. This allows the saddle to be repositioned for the next cutting pass without having to twiddle dials and remember settings.The cylinder blank has now been replaced in the 3 jaw chuck with the top of flange against the jaws and some thin aluminum shim (beer can material) around the outside to protect the finish and thread. The bore will be drilled so as to leave 8 to 10 thou to be removed by the reamer. It is pilot drilled first. I'm told its good practice to select a pilot size no grater than half the next drilling size to prevent the next size wandering. Here we see the reamer being floated into the bore using the tailstock (larger hand reamers will have a dimple in the end which assists this operation. For this operation, the headstock is turned by hand. Keep up plenty of suds and never rotate the chuck backwards. The reamer is prevented from rotating by resting the tap handle on the compound slide.A piece of shim material protects the slide fro m damage by the handle. The transfer ports of the weaver are unusual. They comprise 5 vertical channels, spaced equidistantly around the forward 180 degrees of the cylinder. They terminate in a â€Å"transfer belt† below the exhaust ports. This arrangement avoids the induction port at the cylinder rear. These ports cannot be cut before reaming (or boring) as their presence would make it impossible to cut the bore accurately. This flash-failure shot shows how they are drilled. A short aluminum (or brass) plug is turned to be an interference fit up the bore. The holes are then drilled at the intersection of the cylinder and plug.The cylinder wall will be quite thin adjacent the transfer passages, but by using a slightly softer material for the plug, the drill will incline towards the softer material, preventing any danger or a ruined part. Venturi and Needle Valve Assembly: In the previous section, the cylinder had progressed to a nearly finished state, still requiring internal lapping. Lapping should always be the last operation on a cylinder of this type. This means the boss for attaching the side port venturi must be fitted before lapping can be done. In this session, the boss is made and the associated parts for the venturi and needle valve. The boss will be soft soldered to the cylinder (diesels don't get hot enough to melt soft solder). â€Å". older does not make the joint, it only keeps the air out† and schooled me to make a good fit of parts to be soldered. The boss will butt to the cylinder, which has an outside diameter of 0. 500†³. So, a good fit can be achieved by profiling the boss with a 1/2†³ end mill. In this photo, we see the boss blank (enough for four) which has been finished outside, drilled ready for tapping and transferred still in the 3 jaw chuck to the mill for end profiling. Applications: Nano IC engine has various applications ranging from race cars to space crafts. ? In race cars this IC Nano Engine was used. T he engine was fully fabricated, that is, no castings were employed. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | |It can be controlled in aero planes/satellites/space ships etc. , the timing of in let and exhaust valves. | |According to NASA reports they are experimenting about the use of nano engine in nano & pico satellites. | |In case of a mine tragedy where harmful gases are emitted ,these nano IC engines can be employed as powerful blowers to blow out these gases is a | |less time saving the lives of trapped miners .We require at least 5-6 blowers to blow these gases where as two nano IC engines could do the tick in| |less time. | |Agriculture pumps sets. | |Every field of industry. | |Prospects: | |The problem | |Every day people are spending more and more money because of rising gas prices. People all over the world are trying to find a solution—even | |visiting websites to locate the nearest and cheapest gas, all the while losing time and mileage just to reach [these] refueling stations. Many have| |been giving up favorite hobbies and changing life plans because of the need to reallocate their funds for gas.For those of us who must drive to | |work or school, it seems we have little choice but to continue paying more. Now, there is a way to fight back against these constant increases in | |gas prices—and to fight pollution and protect the environment in the process. | | | |The solution | |Use the most advanced technology available to improve fuel economy, prolong the engine life, reduce harmful emissions and protect the environment. | |The number one product for fuel economy, power and pollution control is now available. |Introducing our two unique nanotechnology products: | |F2-21 NanoLube Engine Oil Treatment, and | |F2-21 NanoRon Gas & Diesel Fuel Enhancer. | |With nanotechnology, fuel transforms at the nano-level to achieve a more complete combustion, resulting in increased fuel economy, more driving | |power, and fewer pollutive emissions. | | Use either product or both to get multiple benefits: | |  Ã‚  Ã‚   –   Adds great power to your engine. NanoLube eases heavy driving loads and increases   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Driving  pleasure with a faster, smoother, and quieter ride. |  Ã‚  Ã‚   –   Boosts miles per gallon (analogous to buying Premium Gas or boosting your octane number), | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      While saving you money and conserving energy. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚   –   Prolongs engine life by cleaning your combustion chamber and piston ring deposits, | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Extending engine life and cutting equipment downtime. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚   –   Protects the environment by reducing harmful emissions and fighting global warming. | | | | | |[pic] | | | Summing upWith the application of Nano in every sphere of life the ‘big’ may not find its place in engineering dictionary in future. If we are to continue these trends we will have to develop a new manufacturi ng technology, which will let us inexpensively build nano system with mole quantities that are molecular in both size and precision and are, inter connected in complex patterns NANO TECHNOLOGY WILL DO THIS. NANO technology with all its challenges and opportunities is an avoidable part of our future. It can be rightly said that nano technology slowly and steadily assuring in the next Industrial Revolution. Bibliography †¢ www. Bbc. co. uk †¢ [email  protected] com †¢ www. google. co. in

Contemporary Politics and Economics in Mexico Essay

Over the course of Mexican history, the governmental and economic state of Mexico has been largely unstable. The nation was marked by dictatorial shifts in party-list (and their candidates) and their constant bickering with each other; the deformed presidency, the elite and the political group controlled the economic fervor with constant insurgencies from the lower classes; the shift of the informal traditional ‘relatively’ closed market system to an international open trading system as a form of ‘globalization’; and finally, the drastic environmental events, like the 1985 earthquake which had shaken up the nation. In the following paper, there is an attempt to elucidate the static forces that govern the Mexican politics and economics from 1980s to the contemporary times. Mexican politics was largely determined by the ‘evolution’ of the ruling party Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), their gradual shifts or hold in power from a hegemonic- (1929 to 1979), bipartisan- (1979 to 1985) and finally, the pluripartisan stage (1988-2000). The bipartisan stage marked the initial infiltration of the opposing party Partido Accion Nacional (PAN) and the strong comptetion between the PRI, PAN and the PRD (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica during the pluripartic years. PRI had a hold on presidential seat for 71 years until it was put to a stop in the 2000 elections. The presidential monarchy from 1970 to 1982 coincided with a period of shared development in political organization with the emergence of the bourgeoisie in governmental positions and puts an end to the ‘sustained’ economy that Mexico originally enjoyed under the Echeverria . To combat the economic crisis and peso devaluation, the State attempted to intervene with the entrepreneurial activities, thus sparking State-Entrepeneur dissent; the private businesses erected Entrepreneurial Coordinating Council (ECC) institutions as a protective mechanism. Portillo delivered his counterattack by nationalizing bank systems and increasing the interest rates. Mexico experienced general economic quagmire — inflation, external inequity, currency devaluation, peso flight, mounting unemployment and low purchasing power — in 1976, 1982, 1987 [ e. g. 59 % inflation] and 1994-95 with middle periods of mild economic recuperation. The September 19 1985 earthquake, which killed approximately 6,500 to 30,000 individuals, aggravated the economic crisis. The 80s were dominated by neoliberal (semi-democratized state implementing free election rule) over the freemarket system, as a result of mounting external debts and the ‘Washington Consensus’. The freemarket system/informal market system originally dominated by local ‘street market vendor’ types, became an open humdrum to international financial organizations like the World Bank to ‘negotiate’ for the debts. The State Restructuring generally involved administration modernization, openness of the national market/participation with free trade with the State neighbors (e. g. 1986 General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs), privatization of public enterprises, and introduction of radical social and political reforms to the relatively ‘traditional’ State. The ‘Restructuring’ debilitated the State with most of the reforms resulting to dispersed control in politics, loss of ethics in politicians and political institutions, and mounting economic problems. The Neoliberal State, 1982-2000, demonstrated a stunningly low GIP per head of 0. 3 %. With income distribution becoming more unequal. The year 1994 marked the participation of State to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Inequality in income and devaluation of the market price coupled with the global inflation of prices created insurgencies from the lower classes and the emergence of anti-political groups like the Zapatista Army of National Liberation from the State of Chiapaz. The peso devaluation, increased exchange rate volatility and meltdown of stocks will persist up to the current state of economic affairs. This was naturally fueled by distrust of external investors to the weak form of governance. Federal Electoral Institute, mediated by ordinary citizens was erected in the early 90s to ensure that elections are ‘clean’ compared to PRI unfair appointing of offices in the past. Quesada won the 2000 election due to the insurgency and popular voting but have few votes from the Congress. It was the former President Zedillo who officiated the electoral results thus stunting the chance of PRI to question the results. The administration of Fox signed up with the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America with the hope of modernizing the reforms and the pre-existing labor laws, opening investments in the energy sector, and improving the infrastructure. The 1994 NAFTA agreement’ beneficial effects were apparently not agreed upon by participants. Whereas the US reiterates that there is ‘speeding up’ of the economic activity of the free market system of Mexico as indicated by the thrillion dollar class, the quick economic growth did not improved the standards of living of the lower and middle class. Calderon, the current president of the Mexico and also a PAN member, experienced many oppositions from the PRD; the attacks were on post-electoral and on ‘Banobras-borrowing’. Calderon attempted to reduce the economic crisis of the country by producing reforms like Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact, salary caps, security policy and first employment program. The current presidents waged an active advocacy against drugs. The contemporary politics and economic changes in Mexico are centered on neo-liberalism with opening of the State to globalized free trade. The drastic results of the State restructuring persisted up to now and the reforms enacted by the current government will hopefully resolved the problems.

Lateral Thinking †Concepts, Training Methodologies and Applications in Business

Lateral Thinking – Concepts, Training Methodologies and Applications in Business Free Online Research Papers Regular human thought patterns follow a standardised sequential approach which adheres strictly to logical reasoning and common sense. The lateral thinking concept conceived by Edward De Bono in 1967 (1991) is based upon harnessing the creative right side of the brain, spawning buzzwords such as ‘thinking outside the box’, ‘thinking outside the square’, and ‘innovative and creative thinking’. De Bono is a prominent psychologist, consultant, management expert and author (Lewis 2005) who has written in excess of 60 books translated in over 34 languages (Kaul 2005). This significantly demonstrates the global relevance and application of lateral thinking. People of different ages, lifestyles, societies and ethnicities can be taught thinking – proving that lateral thinking is not a God-given talent (Feldman 2004), but a skill that can be taught cross-culturally. Lateral thinking is one of the few effective concepts despite the presence of such diversity. The master himself defines lateral thinking as: â€Å"You cannot dig a hole in a different place by digging the same hole deeper.. Lateral Thinking is for changing concepts and perceptions†¦The brain as a self-organising information system forms asymmetric patterns. In such systems there is a mathematical need for moving across patterns. The tools and processes of lateral thinking are designed to achieve such lateral movement. The tools are based on an understanding of self-organising information systems†¦ In any self-organising system there is a need to escape from a local optimum in order to move towards a more global optimum. The techniques of lateral thinking are designed to help that change. (de Bono n.d.) This report will outline the concept of lateral thinking, describe verified methodologies that can develop and enhance lateral thinking skills, and discuss how its applications in a business context not only has, but will enable organisations to achieve continuous growth and prosperity. Concept of Lateral Thinking: Vertical vs Lateral Lateral thinking advocates questioning the assumptions which establish the basis of reasoning, and trying out seemingly illogical ideas, concepts and perceptions. Lateral thinking seeks to break typical human thought patterns to enable formation of original, innovative, contemporary, never-before-seen solutions. Training Methodologies Contrary to popular belief, lateral thinking is not a natural born talent. It is a skill like any other which can be taught (Feldman 2004), becoming second nature with consistent effort, practice and adherence to guidelines set by various training organisations (Burton Sack 1991) which develop and sharpen lateral thinking skills. A summation of Edward de Bono’s (1982; 1994; 1996) methods are: 1. Alternatives and The Concept Fan Alternatives use concepts as a breeding ground for new ideas due to the infrequent occurence of looking beyond obvious alternatives. This method extracts the concept behind a group of alternatives and then uses it to generate further alternatives. Alternatives run onto The Concept Fan (de Bono 1996), which is the process of moving from an idea to a concept then becoming the starting base for other ideas. A concept itself can also move to a more expansive concept thus becoming the starting base for alternative concepts. Each new alternative concept becomes a starting base for alternative ideas, producing a flow of alternative ideas. 2. APC (Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices) De Bono (1982) credits this method for brainstorming alternatives for explanations, hypotheses, perceptions, problems, reviews, designs, decisions, courses of action and forecasting. Objections to this process are time wastage and that an abundance of alternatives may result in indecision and procrastination. 3. PMI (Plus, Minus, Interesting) This simple scanning tool primes the mind for objectivity, whereby attention is deliberately focused on the Plus points firsthand, followed by the Minus then Interesting points. PMI analyses of ideas comprehensively. 4. The Stepping Stone Stepping Stone is the most provocative technique (de Bono 1996) and can lead to spectacular new ideas and approaches to problems. De Bono (1982) separates the two phases of Stepping Stone into: 1. The intentional setting up of the provocation or stepping stone’, which is simply a provocative idea that stimulates the mind to think of other ideas; and 2. The effective use of the provocation to create practical new solutions. Von Oech (1983) asserts Stepping Stones may be impractical in the real world, but their ability to lead the thinking process in undiscovered directions is invaluable. 5. The New Entry/Random Input Based on the logic of patterning systems and developed in 1968 (de Bono 1982) the simplest technique of all is used consistently by advertising agencies, rock groups and playwrights. It is especially valuable for the development of original ideas and concepts in oversaturated industries (de Bono 1982). The process consists of obtaining a word which has no relevance to the situation and holding them together; from this juxtaposition new ideas are developed. De Bono (1996) depicts this as an easier technique as the provocation does not have to be constructed, and starting from a new entry point is a well-established process of creativity. 6. The Escape/Creative Pause This direct practical technique is employed equally well by individuals and groups. The main direction of thinking is identified then an escape from this direction is implemented (de Bono 1982). This highly structured technique is based on the premise that a creative pause interrupts the smooth flow of routine, thus formulating thoughts about situations that no one else has previously stopped to think about. 7. Challenge It is human nature to think of better alternatives only when situations are deemed inadequate thus limiting creativity and innovation (Mumford, Connelly Gaddis 2003). Challenge does not critically assess the adequacy of the current method; it is based on the willingness to explore the reasoning why things are done and whether there are any alternatives. Understanding the logic of creativity is especially helpful in developing creative skills in engineers, financial people and technical experts. 8. Movement and Provocation These two fundamental aspects combined form the root of Lateral Thinking and veer people away from traditional thought and reasoning (de Bono 1982). Deliberate provocation is implemented to break traditional patterns after deployment of movement. Provocation is the generation of new ideas stemming from provocative statements, designed to challenge limitations. De Bono describes (1982) movement as a new mental function acting as an alternative to judgment, hence allowing metamorphosis of provocative illogical ideas to those that are effective and pragmatic. 9. Six Thinking Hats The Six Hats method is an expedient pragmatic technique maximising individual and group thinking. The various Hats symbolise: White hat information Red hat: intuition and feeling Black hat: caution and logical negative Yellow hat: logical positive Green hat: creative effort and creative thinking Blue hat: control of the thinking process itself Research undertaken of Hong Kong’s corporate world (Boulter 2006) attest that lateral thinking aids teams in functioning harmoniously together by sidelining strong egos. Productivity is increased by controlled use of particular modes of thinking to particular moments. Studies show (Curtis Smith 1998; Mumford, Connelly Gaddis 2003) the Six Hats method becomes rapidly entrenched in the organisational culture. De Bono (1996) lists IBM, Du Pont and Prudential as organisations who have incorporated the technique into management training with outstanding results. Application to Business The 21st century is characterised by the prevalence of ever-changing trends, fierce competition, fickle consumers, evolving environmental factors, frequent amendments to legislation, (Robbins et al. 2006) and requirements to perform despite constraints such as stretched budgets, unyielding management and corporate bureaucracy. Boasting staff capable of harvesting breakthrough ideas should not be by good fortune or accident. Employing the methods outlined previously will afford a corporation’s human resources with a systematic innovative thinking process. Creative thinking is a skill that can be learnt (Boulter 2006) and empowers people by expanding their natural abilities thus improving collaboration, productivity and profit. Boulter (2006) believes the Six Hats method has facilitated business teams to work collectively, hence all present at meetings equally contribute towards achieving organisational objectives. Organisations such as Guinness, IBM and British Airways have also been utilising the method, of which Evans (1994) found a reduction of seventy five percent of meeting times in one company alone. Corporations have an over reliance on empirical data, preferring to take simplistic routes to tackle today’s problems. The key to success is not the quantity of information and data, but in its application and deployment methods, the process of crafting new ideas by capitalising on existing knowledge and experience. Conclusion Numerous studies by Williamson (2001), Curtis Smith (1998) and Mumford, Connelly Gaddis (2003) substantiate that organisational success hinges on new attitudes towards innovation and creativity, urging management to embrace and welcome seemingly irrational new concepts, ideas and perceptions from their employees. With originality being a scarce commodity in today’s world, lateral thinking is vital to not only survival, but success in the business arena. Improvements in quality and service are necessary, but insufficient. Creativity, innovation and the openness to questions one’s own assumptions are the only sustainable engines that will drive lasting, global success. Society over emphasises the importance of capability, data and technology as tools for ensuring survival. De Bono (Lewis 2005) argues that it is creativity and innovation which delivers value; cautioning of the modern trend of believing that information in itself is adequate, that additional information, comprehensive analysis, concise judgement and quick action will resolve conflicts and inconsistencies. Business is becoming lax with their approaches to contemporary problems, preferring to rely on conventional solutions that place excessive reliance on the old adage ‘if it ain’t broke don’t fix it’. There are no misgivings that committing extra effort to think laterally will enhance an organisation’s bottom line exponentially by placing it not one step, but one block ahead of the competition. References Boulter, A 2006, The six hats of Edward de Bono sit well on HKs corporate heads Lateral Thinking is the name of the game in a workshop based on the teachings of a famous psychologist. The idea is to make sure that everyone has an equal say in out of the box thinking, South China Morning Post, April 22, 2006. Retrieved August 12, 2006, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Burton, JC Sack, RJ 1991, Time for Some Lateral Thinking, Accounting Horizons, June 1991, pp. 118-22. Curtis, J Smith, G 1998, Alternative instructional strategies for creative and critical thinking in the accounting curriculum, Journal of Accounting Education, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 261-93. Retrieved August 12, 2006, from ScienceDirect database. de Bono, E 1982, Edward de Bonos Thinking Course Powerful Tools to Transform Your Thinking, BBC Worldwide, London. de Bono, E 1994, Parallel Thinking From Socratic to de Bono Thinking, Penguin Books, London. de Bono, E 1996, Serious Creativity Using the Power of Lateral Thinking to Create New Ideas, HarperCollins, London. de Bono, E n.d., LATERAL THINKING PARALLEL THINKING (TM). Retrieved August 16, 2006, from edwdebono.com/debono/lateral.htm Evans, J 1994, Employers Learn the Benefits of Lateral Thinking, Personnel Management, vol. 3, p. 44. Retrieved August 12, 2006, from ProQuest database. Feldman, J 2004, How To Develop Your Creative Thinking Skills! Manage Online, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 4-6. Retrieved August 12, 2006, from ScienceDirect database. Kaul, S 2005, Creative thinking key to growth: de Bono, Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 1-2. Retrieved August 12, 2006, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Lewis, E 2005, Leader: Lateral Thinking, Edward de Bono creative guru, Brand Strategy, vol. 5, no. 37, p. 3. Retrieved August 12, 2006, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Mumford, MD, Connelly, S Gaddis, B 2003, How creative leaders think: Experimental findings and cases, The Leadership Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 4-5, pp. 411-32. Retrieved August 12, 2006, from ScienceDirect database. Robbins, S, Bergman, R, Stagg, I Coutler, M 2006, Foundations of Management, 2 edn, Pearson Education, Frenchs Forest. von Oech, R 1983, A Whack On The Side Of The Head How to Unlock Your Mind For Innovation, Warner Books Inc, New York. Williamson, B 2001, Creativity, the corporate curriculum and the future: a case study, Futures, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 541-55. Retrieved August 12, 2006, from ScienceDirect database. Research Papers on Lateral Thinking - Concepts, Training Methodologies and Applications in BusinessThree Concepts of PsychodynamicBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Definition and Examples of Singapore English

Definition and Examples of Singapore English Singapore English is a  dialect of the English language that is used in the Republic of Singapore, a lingua franca influenced by Chinese and Malay. Also called  Singaporean English. Educated speakers of Singapore English generally distinguish this variety of the language from Singlish (also known as Singapore Colloquial English). According to  Dr. Danica Salazar, world English editor at the Oxford English Dictionary, Singapore English is not the same as Singlish. While the former is a variant of English, Singlish is a language on its own with a different grammatical structure. It is also used mostly orally (reported in the Malay Mail Online, May 18, 2016).   See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AcrolectFiller WordsNew EnglishesNotes on English as a Global LanguageNull SubjectSemantic ChangeWorld English Examples and Observations It appears that a distinct brand of Singapore English is emerging, common to all the ethnic groups living in the country and quite unlike the varieties of English found in most other parts of the world, though it is true that many of its features are shared with the English spoken in Malaysia. It seems likely that the main difference between the English of the various ethnic groups in Singapore lies in the intonation (Lim 2000), though the precise details of the intonation of the different groups have yet to be established. . . .It is quite possible to sound Singaporean but still be easily understood in the rest of the world, and it seems that a mature variety of educated Singapore English is indeed emerging.(David Deterding, Singapore English. Edinburgh University Press, 2007)The Speak Good English CampaignIn Singapore, its time for another official crusadeand this past month its been the Speak Good English campaign, aimed at counteracting the spread of Singlish, a local patois incl uding many Hokkien and Malay words and constructions, particularly as its increasingly heard among new university entrants.Prime minister Lee Hsien Loong complains that the lingo is making too many young folk in the city-state unintelligible . . . at a time when the country is pulling out the stops to integrate itself with the English-speaking global economy.(Rage Against the Machine. The Guardian [UK], June 27, 2005) Standard English or Singlish?An opinion piece on Singlish in the New York Times (NYT) makes light of the Singapore Government’s efforts to promote the mastery of standard English by Singaporeans, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong’s press secretary wrote.In a  letter published in the newspaper  on Monday (May 23 [2016]), Ms. Chang Li Lin said the Government has a serious reason for its policy on standard English.Standard English is vital for Singaporeans to earn a living and be understood not just by other Singaporeans but also English speakers everywhere, she said.Singaporean poet and literary critic Gwee Li Sui wrote in the NYT piece, published on May 13, that years of state efforts to quash Singlish have only made it flourish.The more the state pushed its purist bilingual policy, the more the territory’s languages met and mingled in Singlish. Through playful, day-to-day conversations, the unofficial composite quickly became a formidable cultural phenomenon, he said.Calling the Government’s war on Singlish doomed from the start, Mr. Gwee said even politicians and officials are now using it.Finally grasping that this language is irrepressible, our leaders have begun to use it publicly in recent years, often in strategic attempts to connect with the masses, he wrote.In her rebuttal letter, Ms. Chang said using Singlish makes it harder for most Singaporeans to master the English language.(NYT Op-ed on Singlish Makes Light of Efforts to Promote Standard English. Channel NewsAsia, May 24, 2016) Characteristics of SinglishTwo dollar onny, dis one, a street vendor might say to you in Singapore. A local  might reply, Wah! So espensive one, cannot  leh.While this might sound like broken English, it is an example of Singlish,  the highly complicated English creole spoken in Singapore. Its  staccato, off-grammar patois is the subject of  much bemusement for visitors  to the country, and its almost impossible for outsiders to imitate. . . .Singlish comes from the mixing of Singapores four official languages: English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil. . . .The grammar of Singaporean English began to mirror the grammar of these languages. For example, a modern-day Singaporean could say I go bus-stop wait for you, to mean that he will wait for you at the bus stop. This phrase could be translated into either Malay or Chinese without having to change the grammatical structure of the sentence. . . .Words from the other languages became appropriated into the creole as well, creatin g an entire Singlish lexicon that  is used today. The word ang moh, for example, is a Hokkien word which literally translates to red hair, but is used in Singlish to describe people of Caucasian descent. The Malay word makan is commonly used to mean food, or the act of eating. The Tamil word goondu, which means fat in its original language, is used in Singlish to describe a person who is not very smart. . . .In formal settings, . . . Singlish tends to be toned down to its acrolectal form: Singlish words and grammatical structures are eliminated, and only the accent remains. In the day-to-day, however, a more colloquial form of Singlish is used.(Urvija Banerji, Singaporean English Is Almost Impossible to Pick Up.  Atlas Obscura, May 2, 2016) Kiasu[K]iasu is a noun and adjective from the Chinese Hokkien dialect, meaning extreme fear of losing, or of being second best. Its a notion the neurotically ambitious Singaporean and Malaysian professional middle classes regard as so self-defining that their sitcom character Mr Kiasu is a similar emblem of endearingly gruesome national character as Mr Brent is to us.Having made its way to the Singapore-English hybrid tongue called Singlish, kiasu completed its trek across the etymological world in March [2007] when the Oxford English Dictionary included it on its quarterly list of new words.(Matthew Norman, Kiasu, London W2. The Guardian, June 2, 2007)